PHOTO-DECORATED TILES ![]() ![]()
George Henry Grundy was born 19
November 1862 into a relatively wealthy Derby family. His father,
John Grundy, a provisions dealer, was later to become a senior
Alderman of the town.
At the age of 28, Grundy left the running of the provisions dealership to his father and set about making a living for himself. He had become interested in photography and in printing. By 1891 Grundy was established as a PROCESS-PRINTER. This particular method is now commonly known as lithographic printing.
In 1893 he teamed up with an old school friend, George Arthur
Lingard at 56, Stockbrook Road, Derby. Lingard was already established
as a collotype printer. Their partnership produced a successful
business in printing and photo-engraving.
Grundy's mother helped finance a prestigious business outlet
for her son, when in January 1895 she secured a lease on No.2
The Strand Arcade, Derby. Grundy and Lingard used the shop in this
newly opened arcade for over two years. Initially they sold only
prints and printing services.
Other firms had successfully fired a photographic image onto ceramics. Due to a high failure rate and the long, skilled man-hours needed to produce each article, this type of decoration was never a commercial proposition. Amongst the British firms to apply photographs to ceramics were Maw & Co., Josiah Wedgwood & Sons, and Mintons. Prior to Grundys' patented method all the firms used either 'DUSTING ON', 'SUBSTITUTION' or 'AUTOTYPE' methods, each an expensive and laborious process resulting in highly priced finished items. 22nd April 1873 saw patent No.1449 granted to Jonathan Edwin Billups and Edwin Palmer Lee of Cardiff for "Improvements in Producing permanent colored and other photographic pictures, delineations, or devices on porcelain and other fictile ware." Also in 1873 but on 12th June, patent No.2079 was granted to Leon Freret of Princes Street, Barbican, London from a communication to him from Paul Marney Godard of 62, Rue Triquetonne, Paris. These letters patent announced "An improved method of producing and re-producing drawings, devices, and designs on porcelain, delph-ware and such like materials." The methods described in both the patents are very vague and contain very little detail of exactly how they achieved full continuous tone shading which would survive a kiln firing. It is thus a strong possibility that their respective 'patent' methods were little more than brave 'tongue in cheek' attempts to protect processes which were far from successful in their results. When Grundy and Lingard were established in the Strand Arcade, they began experimenting with ceramics and photographic decoration. The summer of 1895 saw the first tiles decorated with photographic images. These were tentatively offered for sale in their shop. They sold well, and gradually the quality and variety of tiles offered increased. Grundy and Lingard applied for letters patent, to protect their photo-decorating methods on 24 February 1896. By 20th February the following year they were accepted. They 'declared' that the nature of their 'invention' was for "The decoration of tiles, and other flat surfaced articles of ceramic ware, and consists in a direct mode of printing by the photo-collographic process without the use of transfers." The full specification can be found in the patent letters No.4093 of 1896. A brief summary of their methods can be found in line 5 to line 21 of the patent. Quote: The object of our invention is to produce a cheap and high class decoration of tiles, plates and other articles of ceramic ware by the aid of the photo-collographic process, and our said invention is carried into effect as follows.Unquote. The Pottery Gazette of lst October 1896 carried an advertisement for G.H.Grundy and his photo-decorated tiles. The same edition also featured the work of Grundy in an article on tile-works. Quote: Following the success of the Photo-Decorated Tiles, Grundy sold his patent to a small glass works called "Royal Castle Flint Glassworks". They continued the work of Grundy and Lingard in a small corner of the works on Scropton Lane, Hatton, Derbyshire. An advertising tile shows a view of the whole glassworks and as far as I can determine tiles were produced there until about 1902. (Other advertisements have been found in the Pottery Gazette, 1st December 1896 and 1st November 1897.)
George Henry Grundy continued to follow his interest in
photography but changed his business into producing Artificial
Manure with a Mr W.Innes. This may have been the birth of our modern
day 'Innes Potting Composts'. I have not followed up this line of
research.
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